The Arf invariant is a topological invariant associated with a smooth, oriented manifold, particularly in the context of differential topology and algebraic topology. It is especially relevant in the study of 4-manifolds and can be used to classify certain types of manifolds. The Arf invariant can be defined for a non-singular quadratic form over the field of integers modulo 2 (denoted as \(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\)).
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