An exceptional point (EP) is a concept in mathematics and physics, particularly in the field of linear algebra and non-Hermitian systems. It refers to a particular type of degeneracy that occurs in the parameter space of a system where two or more eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors coalesce, meaning they become identical. This phenomenon can lead to unique and often counterintuitive behavior in physical systems, particularly in the contexts of quantum mechanics, optics, and wave systems.
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