 Fractional quantum Hall effect

TODO original experiment?

Laughlin paper: 1981 Quantized Hall conductivity in two dimensions.

Shows a cool new type of matter: Abelian anyons.

The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a phenomenon that occurs in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to strong magnetic fields and low temperatures. This effect is characterized by the existence of quantized Hall conductance at fractional values of the fundamental quantum of conductance, which is e²/h, where "e" is the charge of an electron and "h" is Planck's constant. The FQHE was first observed in 1982 by David Thouless, F. Duncan M.