Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher known for his foundational contributions to the field of statistical mechanics and the kinetic theory of gases. His work helped bridge the gap between macroscopic thermodynamics and microscopic particle behavior, providing a statistical framework to understand thermodynamic properties. Boltzmann is perhaps best known for the Boltzmann equation, which describes the behavior of gas particles in terms of statistical distributions.
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