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Experimental computer networks refer to specialized networks designed primarily for research and experimentation purposes. These networks allow researchers and engineers to test new networking technologies, protocols, and techniques in a controlled environment before deploying them in real-world scenarios. Here are some key aspects of experimental computer networks: 1. **Research and Development**: Experimental networks provide a platform to explore new concepts in networking, such as protocol development, network architecture, performance measurement, and security mechanisms.

Pre-World Wide Web online services refer to various digital platforms and systems that provided users with informational, communicative, and social capabilities before the advent of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s. These services utilized the Internet or proprietary networks and were accessible primarily via dial-up connections.

Systems Network Architecture (SNA) is a networking architecture developed by IBM in the 1970s. It is designed to facilitate communication between various types of computer systems and devices in a network, primarily using IBM’s mainframe computers and associated peripherals. SNA provides a structured way to connect various elements of a network, including hardware and software components, and it emphasizes the arrangement of these components in a way that optimizes communication and data exchange.

DECnet is a network architecture created by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the 1970s. It was developed to enable communication between DEC computers and other networked devices, allowing them to share resources and information across a variety of computing environments. DECnet supports a range of protocols and provides services for file transfer, remote job entry, and collaborative applications.

Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are protocols that provide security for communications over computer networks. Over the years, web browsers have evolved significantly in their support for these protocols. Here is a version history of TLS/SSL support in major web browsers: ### SSL Protocols - **SSL 1.0**: Never released to the public. - **SSL 2.

Videotex is an early form of electronic communication that provides information over telephone lines to a television set or a dedicated terminal. It emerged in the late 1970s and was primarily designed to deliver digital text and graphics for purposes such as news, weather, classified ads, and other information services.

X.25 is a packet-switched network protocol that was widely used in the late 1970s and into the 1980s and 1990s for data communication over long distances. It was developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and is designed for networks that require reliable data transfer across various types of communication links. Key features of X.25 include: 1. **Packet Switching**: X.