Biham–Middleton–Levine traffic model

The Biham–Middleton–Levine (BML) traffic model is a simple mathematical model used to simulate and study the dynamics of traffic flow in a two-dimensional grid or lattice. Developed by researchers D. Biham, A. Middleton, and D. Levine in the mid-1990s, the model provides insights into the self-organization and other phenomena that can occur in urban traffic systems.