Bituminous sands, also known as oil sands or tar sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit characterized by a mixture of sand, clay, water, and a dense form of petroleum called bitumen. This bitumen is a thick, sticky, and viscous substance that cannot flow freely like crude oil and is often too heavy to be pumped from the ground. The extraction of bitumen from these sands typically involves surface mining or in-situ techniques.
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