Chip formation refers to the process during machining where material is removed from a workpiece in the form of chips. This phenomenon is most commonly observed in metalworking and woodworking operations, such as turning, milling, drilling, and grinding. When a cutting tool interacts with the material, the following process typically occurs: 1. **Shearing**: As the cutting tool moves through the material, it applies shear forces which cause the material to deform and eventually fracture at its weakest point.
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