A Coherent Perfect Absorber (CPA) is a device or system that is designed to absorb incoming electromagnetic waves (such as light) completely, without reflecting or scattering any of that energy. It achieves this by using interference effects, where the incoming waves are perfectly matched in phase and amplitude to the waves that are coherently emitted by the absorber. The concept of a CPA is analogous to that of a laser, where energy is emitted coherently.
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