A Complex Adaptive System (CAS) is a type of system characterized by a network of interconnected elements that adapt and evolve in response to changes in their environment. These systems exhibit properties such as: 1. **Nonlinearity**: The interactions between elements can produce outputs that are not proportional to the inputs, leading to unexpected outcomes. 2. **Emergence**: Complex behaviors and patterns can arise from the collective interactions of simpler components, which cannot be predicted by analyzing the components in isolation.
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