Decoherence-free subspaces (DFS) are specific states or subspaces in a quantum system that are immune to certain types of environmental noise, particularly noise associated with decoherence. Decoherence refers to the process by which quantum systems lose their coherent superpositions due to interactions with their environment, leading to the classical behavior that we observe. This is a significant problem in quantum computing and quantum information science, where maintaining coherence is essential for the functionality of quantum bits (qubits).
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