Photon noise, also known as shot noise, is a type of statistical fluctuation in the measurement of light due to the discrete nature of photons. It arises from the fact that light, like other forms of electromagnetic radiation, is quantized; it is made up of individual packets of energy called photons. ### Key Aspects of Photon Noise: 1. **Quantum Nature of Light**: Light is not continuous; it consists of separate photons. When measuring the intensity of light (e.g.
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