Photovoltaics (PV) is a technology that converts light energy, primarily from the sun, directly into electricity using semiconductor materials. The most common application of photovoltaics is solar panels, which are widely used for residential, commercial, and utility-scale power generation. The basic principle of photovoltaics involves the photovoltaic effect, which occurs when photons (light particles) hit a semiconductor material, typically silicon, causing electrons to be knocked loose and generate an electric current.
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