Quantization of the electromagnetic field

Quantization of the electromagnetic field is the process of applying the principles of quantum mechanics to the classical electromagnetic field. This results in a theoretical framework where the field is described not as a continuous entity, but rather as a collection of discrete excitations or particles, known as photons. Here's an overview of the fundamental concepts involved in this process: 1. **Classical Electromagnetic Field**: In classical electrodynamics, the electromagnetic field is described by Maxwell's equations.