Seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction

Seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction techniques are geophysical methods used to explore the Earth's subsurface, particularly in the context of oil and gas exploration, mineral exploration, and geological mapping. Here’s a brief overview of each method: ### Seismic Reflection Seismic reflection methods involve sending seismic waves (usually generated by an explosion, hammer strike, or vibration) into the ground and measuring the waves that are reflected back to the surface.