Self-organized criticality (SOC) is a concept in physics and complex systems theory that describes how certain systems naturally evolve into a critical state where minor changes can lead to significant, nonlinear events, such as avalanches, earthquakes, or market crashes. In a self-organized critical system, components interact in a way that the system accumulates energy or information over time, leading it to a critical threshold where a small trigger can cause a large-scale response.
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