A thermal ellipsoid is a three-dimensional geometric representation used in crystallography and molecular biology to visualize the thermal motion of atoms in a crystal structure. It illustrates the atomic displacement due to thermal vibrations, which are influenced by temperature. Each atom in a crystalline material oscillates around its equilibrium position, and the extent of this motion can be described by an ellipsoid. The shape and orientation of the ellipsoid provide information about the distribution and amplitude of atomic vibrations.
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