A three-body force refers to interactions in a physical system involving three particles or bodies, where the force on one particle depends not just on its interactions with one of the other two particles, but on the configuration and interactions involving all three bodies together. This concept is particularly relevant in fields such as nuclear physics, astrophysics, and molecular dynamics. In classical mechanics, most forces can be understood as pairwise interactions, where the force between two bodies is described independently of any third body.
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