 A Memoir on the Theory of Matrices by Arthur Cayley

By Arthur Cayley. Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 148, 17–37, 1858. Received 10 December 1857 and read 14 January 1858; these dates are distinct from journal publication. Wikimedia Commons hosts the archival scan.

DOI: doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1858.0002

Online text: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/A_Memoir_on_the_Theory_of_Matrices_(IA_jstor-108649).pdf

Cited section: Opening printedpp17–18: linearequations, matrixalgebra, characteristic equation anddegreereduction; Printedpp23–24 §§21–25: fulltwo-by-twoidentity; three-by-threeverificationmentioned; noformalproofallordersclaimed; consequenceformatrixfunctions.