 Bound charge and bound current

ID: bound-charge-and-bound-current

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24

Polarization and magnetization produce the effective sources

ρ_{b} = - \nabla \cdot P, J_{b} = \partial_{t} P + \nabla \times M .

Defining

D = ϵ_{0} E + P

and

H = B / μ_{0} - M

moves these sources into the macroscopic fields.

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