Bradford J. Foley coauthored models coupling planetary cooling, melt production and the carbon cycle on stagnant-lid planets. The model balances volcanic carbon dioxide supply against weathering and tests conditions compatible with a temperate surface.[ref]
Carbon Cycling and Habitability of Earth-Sized Stagnant Lid Planets by Bradford J. Foley and Andrew J. Smye. Abstract: coupled thermal evolution, degassing and weathering limits
The result makes plate tectonics a physical variable to test in a habitability model, rather than an automatic prerequisite. Initial heat and carbon inventories remain important assumptions.
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