 Charge-flux composite

ID: charge-flux-composite

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-28 Updated 2026-11-05

q

and localized magnetic flux

Φ

. Mutual encircling of

(q_{1}, Φ_{1})

and

(q_{2}, Φ_{2})

produces the phase

exp [i (q_{1} Φ_{2} + q_{2} Φ_{1}) /ℏ]

from the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects.

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