Chris Hamilton and Tobias Heinemann studied the collective gravitational response of a stellar system near a stability threshold. In their linear homogeneous model, transient Landau modes cancel the divergent contribution obtained by treating a perturbing mass's gravitational wake in isolation.[ref]
The linear response of stellar systems does not diverge at marginal stability by Chris Hamilton and Tobias Heinemann. Abstract: complete linear response and cancellation
This connects mode dynamics with the interpretation of gravitational relaxation. A separately large contribution need not make the complete observable response large when coupled terms are retained consistently.
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