Conjugates of a proper subgroup do not cover a finite group

ID: conjugates-of-a-proper-subgroup-do-not-cover-a-finite-group

For a proper subgroup of a finite group , the number of its conjugates is , because its normalizer contains . All conjugates contain the identity, so their union has size at most . Thus some element is not conjugate to any element of . Finiteness is essential to this cardinal counting argument.

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