 Constant-phase line of an internal gravity wave

For a two-dimensional internal gravity wave with phase $kx+\int m(z)dz-\omega t$, a constant-phase line at fixed time has slope $dz/dx=-k/m(z)$. Its normal spacing from the next crest is $2\pi /(k^2+m^2{)}^{1/2}$; the wavevector $(k,m)$ is normal to the line. The intrinsic energy ray is tangent to these phase lines, while mean-flow advection changes the laboratory ray direction.