 Duhamel principle

ID: duhamel-principle

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24

For a linear evolution equation with zero initial data, Duhamel's principle integrates the homogeneous propagator against the forcing time. For the forced heat equation,

u (x, t) = \int_{0}^{t} \int_{- \infty}^{\infty} K_{t - τ} (x - ξ) f (ξ, τ) d ξ d τ .

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