Electromagnetic vacuum energy with a wavelength cutoff

ID: electromagnetic-vacuum-energy-with-a-wavelength-cutoff

Electromagnetic vacuum energy with a wavelength cutoff by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-10-25
Counting two transverse polarizations and zero-point energy per mode gives . This is a bare cutoff-dependent mode sum, not a classical incident radiation bath or a renormalization-independent absolute observable.

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