Erika H. Siegel studied variability in physiological responses during emotion. Her meta-analysis evaluated whether emotion categories exhibit consistent autonomic fingerprints across studies and induction conditions. This asks how strongly a category predicts a pattern of bodily measurements, rather than treating one physiological channel as a direct label for an emotion. Variation within a category is therefore part of the evidence a theory must explain. [ref]
Emotion fingerprints or emotion populations by Erika H. Siegel and others. 2018, meta-analytic comparison of autonomic responses and variability
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