Finite-hole neighborhoods of a planar compact set
ID: finite-hole-neighborhoods-of-a-planar-compact-set
Given a compact planar set and an open neighborhood , a finite square-grid construction gives a compact polygonal neighborhood inside with finitely many complementary components. Remove thin polygonal corridors disjoint from joining holes that lie in the same component of , and joining holes in its unbounded component to the exterior. Corridors can also include a prescribed point from each of finitely many specified bounded components. There remains a neighborhood whose bounded holes lie in distinct bounded components of , each containing its chosen point. Standard small polygonal rounding gives a finite union of planar surfaces with boundary. The index map from its first integral homology group to one integer per bounded hole is an isomorphism. Triangulate a surrounding disc: a one-cycle bounds a two-chain whose coefficients are constant in each complementary component. Zero hole coefficients give a filling supported inside the neighborhood; the face chain of each hole supplies a dual cycle. The cycles can be sums of boundary curves in different components. This uses finite triangulation, not the general Jordan curve theorem.
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