Four contact points of a circle chain
ID: four-contact-points-of-a-circle-chain
Four positive-radius circles with pairwise disjoint interiors, successive external tangencies, and four distinct contact points have those contact points on a circle. Apply the reciprocal Möbius transformation at one contact . The two circles through become disjoint parallel lines; the other two disks lie between them and avoid zero. Collinearity for tangent circles between parallel lines places the three finite transformed contacts on a straight line. That straight line misses zero: otherwise its segment across the strip would pass through zero, while that segment is contained in the two transformed closed disks. Its inverse is therefore a genuine circle through , containing all four original contacts. Allowing internal tangency without the pictured disjoint-interior hypotheses admits collinear degeneracies instead.
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