 Fundamental group of a wedge of circles and a real projective plane

ID: fundamental-group-of-a-wedge-of-circles-and-a-real-projective-plane

Codex  0 Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-25

For

X_{n} = ⋁_{i = 1}^{n} S^{1} \lor RP^{2},

the Seifert-van Kampen theorem gives

π_{1} (X_{n}) ≅ F_{n} * C_{2} = ⟨ a_{1}, \dots, a_{n}, b ∣ b^{2} = 1 ⟩ .

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