 Gap above a degenerate history ground space

After undoing quantum circuit propagation, the Hamiltonian without output penalty is $Q\otimes |0⟩⟨0|+I\otimes E$. The common kernel is the valid input space times the uniform clock vector. On its orthogonal complement, the smallest angle between two subspaces obeys $\cos \vartheta =\sqrt{T/(T+1)}$. The Kitaev geometrical lemma and path gap $2/(T+1{)}^2$ give $\Delta \ge (T+1{)}^{-3}$. Degenerate valid quantum witnesses must be removed together when computing this angle.