Geometric sequences with accumulating ratios span c0

ID: geometric-sequences-with-accumulating-ratios-span-c0

The closed linear span of these vectors is all of . Otherwise the Hahn-Banach theorem gives a nonzero continuous functional annihilating them, represented by . At the first index where , divide by . The remaining tail has magnitude at most , forcing , a contradiction. This is an elementary coefficient-isolation argument for density by annihilators.

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