Hamming-weight obstruction to Fredkin-only Toffoli synthesis

ID: hamming-weight-obstruction-to-fredkin-only-toffoli-synthesis

Every Fredkin gate preserves the Hamming weight of a computational-basis string, so any network of these gates does too. A Toffoli gate maps to and hence cannot equal such a network on the same three wires. Fixed ancillas returned unchanged do not remove the obstruction. Extra encoded outputs or input-dependent garbage change the resource model and do not by themselves implement the same clean coherent three-qubit gate.

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