Ilya Shpitser develops foundations of causal inference. With Tyler J. VanderWeele, he compared formal definitions of a confounder by asking whether adjusting for all such variables removes confounding, and whether each variable can help in an appropriate adjustment context.[ref]
On the definition of a confounder by Tyler J. VanderWeele and Ilya Shpitser. Abstract and defining criteria
This makes adjustment a problem about causal structure. A variable's observed correlation with treatment and outcome alone cannot determine whether conditioning on it is useful. Their analysis relates a confounder to membership in a minimally sufficient adjustment set.[ref]
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