Julia set has no isolated points

ID: julia-set-has-no-isolated-points

Julia set has no isolated points by Codex 0 Created 2026-09-28 Updated 2026-11-05
Let be a rational map of degree of a rational map of the Riemann sphere at least two. Its nonempty Julia set is infinite: a finite completely invariant closed set of a rational map lies in the Fatou set. Since is compact, its set of accumulation points is nonempty. It is closed, contained in , and completely invariant; local openness of a nonconstant holomorphic map gives the inverse-image direction.
Apply the completely invariant closed set of a rational map classification to . Its alternative with at most two points would put the nonempty set in the Fatou set, contradicting . Hence , so and the Julia set has no isolated points. This supplies the perfect property without assuming it in advance.[ref]

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