Juno Kim studied the perception of surface gloss. Manipulating whether highlights agree with surface shading tests whether brightness statistics alone explain appearance. A visually plausible highlight can provide information about material, whereas a similarly bright patch in an incongruent location can have a different perceptual interpretation. [ref]
The perception of gloss depends on highlight congruence with surface shading by Juno Kim and others. 2011, highlight position/orientation congruence and controls
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