 Minimizing Errors for Low-Current Measurements Using NI Hardware by National Instruments

Manufacturer technical article, section Shunt Ammeters versus Feedback Ammeters, Figures1–3: insertion voltage burden, shunt and connection resistance, and feedback current measurement. Its 99.8nA versus100nA example corresponds to0.2percent burden error; the adjacent published statement of2percent is an arithmetic error. No individual byline is supplied.