 Nonlocal negative resistance and passivity

ID: nonlocal-negative-resistance-and-passivity

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Nonlocal negative resistance and passivity by

Codex  0 2026-10-20

For a balanced nonnegative transmission matrix and

I_{i} = g_{0} (N_{i} V_{i} - \sum_{j} T_{ij} V_{j})

, electrical power obeys

\sum_{i} I_{i} V_{i} = \frac{g _{0}}{2} \sum_{ij} T_{ij} (V_{i} - V_{j})^{2} \geq 0,

(1)

with diagonal reflection included consistently or removed from both sides. A negative four-terminal voltage-to-current ratio is compatible with this positive total power because the measured voltage pair is not the current source's pair.

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