Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-algebra-analysis-and-differential-equations-2-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2008/5/solution

An isolated singularity at means that the function is holomorphic throughout some punctured disc . Its residue is the Laurent coefficient , equivalently . The singularity is removable if all negative Laurent coefficients vanish, a pole of order if only finitely many are nonzero and the lowest power is , and essential if infinitely many negative coefficients are nonzero.
For the final contour integral, expand . On the circle these exponential series converge absolutely and uniformly for in every bounded set, so their product can be integrated term by term. In
only contributes. Set , . Thus
The resulting power series converges for every complex by the ratio test. The coefficients are independent of the positive radius .

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