Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-analytic-number-theory-and-elliptic-curves-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2009/a/3/solution

Write ; the source's rectangle notation is interpreted as the intended height restriction . We use the standard facts that has no zeros on , has a simple pole at one, and is meromorphic with no other pole. The function is holomorphic function and nonzero on the compact set , including its removable value one at . It remains nonzero in a neighborhood of this compact set. Together with nonvanishing to its right this gives some such that the whole closed rectangle , contains no zeta zero. The pole at one is harmless: extends holomorphically there with value zero.
The linearly smoothed Perron kernel, for and , is
For shift the contour left across the simple poles at zero and minus one, whose residues are and . For shift right, crossing no pole. At the integral is zero, also obtained by direct integration of . The quadratic denominator gives absolute integrability on the original vertical line.
For use the absolutely convergent Dirichlet series . Interchanging the sum and the contour integral is justified by and the integrable denominator. The term for is times the kernel at , hence when and zero otherwise. Consequently
Here is a contour argument that needs only the stated bound, with no unproved uniform estimate left of one. Take , , and first hold fixed. On the two tails , the given bound and give
Shift the remaining segment to . The integrand is holomorphic function inside the rectangle: the zero of at one cancels the apparent zeta pole, and lie outside. On the fixed left side its integral is . On the two horizontal sides, is bounded by some finite constant depending on . Therefore their integrals are bounded by
It follows that
Now let ; the integrable tail tends to zero. Thus
The order of limits matters: first for each fixed rectangle, then . This is linearly smoothed Möbius cancellation from finite zero-free rectangles.
Figure 1.
Shift a finite central Perron contour while bounding the two infinite tails on the right
. Details.

New to topics? Read the docs here!