Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-chemistry-a-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2024/paper-1/a4/a/iii/solution

With , and , composition gives
Every entry belongs to the set, proving closure. is the identity element; every element is its own inverse. Associativity follows because these are actual spatial transformations: composing functions is associative. Thus all group axioms hold, and the group is isomorphic to the Klein four-group.
For a concrete matrix check, use , , and . Their matrix products reproduce the table.

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