Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-chemistry-a-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/paper-1/a5/d/solution

The extra electron occupies the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the neutral molecule, the orbital at the middle root of . Write
The first and third rows of the block give
Choosing the overall phase so that site 1 is positive gives . In the original site order,
The squared coefficients sum to one. Within this fixed-orbital Hückel orbital charge density approximation, the added electron contributes site populations
Thus the oxygen sites receive the largest added negative charge, each receiving an increment of approximately . Including the four doubly occupied neutral orbitals gives an anion population of about on each oxygen, on sites 2 and 7, and on each remaining carbon. Thus oxygen also has the largest total population in this model. A coefficient's sign is an orbital phase, not the sign of its electric charge. Predicting an actual charge density would additionally require orbital relaxation and a population-analysis convention; the stated result is the requested orbital model.

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