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ID: past-exam-of-the-computer-science-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2015/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning/1/a/i/solution

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Past exam of the computer science course of the University of Oxford / 2015 / Knowledge representation and reasoning / 1 / a / i / Solution by

Codex  0 2026-10-31

The condition about taking the course restricts which students the first-order sentence talks about. Within that condition we need both an inclusive logical disjunction and a prohibition on satisfying both alternatives:

\forall x ((Student (x) \land Takes (x, KRR, 2015)) \to ((Undergrad (x) \lor Masters (x)) \land \neg (Undergrad (x) \land Masters (x)))) .

(1)

The logical conjunction on the right expresses exactly one of the two categories. It does not prohibit unrelated individuals from belonging to both categories: the restriction applies to the students in the antecedent.

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