Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-general-relativity-and-cosmology-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2017/4/c/solution

A photon travels at , so its typical scattering interval is
about four minutes. The supplied universe age is
Thus
A photon scatters extremely frequently compared with the expansion timescale, of order the cosmic age. The plasma is opaque and its photons are tightly coupled to the electrons rather than freely streaming over a cosmological distance. In rate language , where is the Hubble parameter.[ref]
This is a statement about transport and momentum coupling. Elastic Thomson scattering alone does not create or destroy photons and hence is not, by itself, proof that an arbitrary photon spectrum reaches complete blackbody thermal equilibrium. The interaction interval calculated here is the interval experienced by a photon; the interval per electron differs because there are many more photons than electrons. Even replacing the inconsistent supplied age by the standard age of order a year at this scale factor would leave scattering much faster than expansion.

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