Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-geometry-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2009/a/1/iv/solution
Past exam of the geometry course of the University of Oxford 2009 A 1 iv Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-31
A square model of the torus has one vertex, two edges and one face, so its Euler characteristic is zero. The connected-sum formula givesThe real projective plane has a bigon model with one vertex, one edge and one face, hence characteristic one. Therefore
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