Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-graph-theory-and-probabilistic-combinatorics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2008/a/1/d/solution

Add adjacent to every vertex of and adjacent to every vertex of . Suppose an – separator has fewer than vertices. It cannot contain all of either class. Choose and . No edge can join the remaining two classes, since it would give a three-edge – path. Hence every neighbour of lies in , and every neighbour of lies in . The minimum-degree bound implies
a contradiction. Menger's theorem therefore gives internally vertex-disjoint – paths. Each uses at least one vertex of each original class, and only vertices are available in each class. Every path must consequently use exactly one of each. Their middle edges form a perfect matching.

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