Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-graph-theory-and-probabilistic-combinatorics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2011/a/3/d/solution
Past exam of the graph Theory and Probabilistic Combinatorics course of the University of Oxford 2011 A 3 d Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-31
Choose a small density threshold , then sufficiently small and a lower partition bound sufficiently large thatApply the regularity lemma. Delete all edges incident with , all edges within a class , all edges between irregular pairs, and all edges between regular pairs of density below . Their total is at mostIf a triangle remains, its vertices lie in three distinct nonexceptional classes, all whose pairs were regular with original density at least . Part (c) then forces at least triangles in the original graph, where is the common class size. Since and , we have , so this is at least .
Choose and take large enough for the regularity lemma. An original graph with at most triangles cannot leave any triangle after these deletions. Thus deleting at most edges makes the graph triangle-free. This is the triangle removal lemma; boundedly many large regular clusters turn any surviving triangle into a positive-density family of original triangles.
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