Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-introduction-to-quantum-information-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2021/3/e/solution

With the basis known, choose a unitary operator that interchanges its two basis states. On the Bloch sphere this is a rotation by about an axis perpendicular to , sending to . Follow it by , which is completely positive. Then
Thus can be converted to using the allowed operations and a suitable physically available depolarizing parameter.
The reverse direction would have to increase Bloch radius from to . Unitaries preserve radius, and every completely positive has , so any composition of the allowed operations cannot increase it. Hence still cannot be converted to using these resources. This conclusion uses the stated unitary/depolarizing resources; an unrestricted state-preparation channel would be a different allowance.

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