Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-laser-science-and-quantum-information-processing-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2021/5/b/solution

On Bob's polarization qubit, take
Suitable conditional unitary operators are
Indeed , , and . The last minus sign is a harmless global phase.
For an ideal half-wave plate whose fast axis makes angle with horizontal polarization, discard the common phase and use the Jones matrix
It implements at and at . Thus for outcome use two half-wave plates, first then in the propagation direction; for use one at ; for one at ; for use no plate. Ideal retardance is assumed at the photon wavelength, and the setting is chosen after receiving the detector's classical result.

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